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Flora of the Boquet River watershed, Essex County, New York

The list contains the about 600 species so far found in the watershed. The list was updated in 2021.

The sequence of families in the list and the taxonomy is to Gleason and Cronquist, 2nd ed. (1991), unless otherwise noted.

Lycopodiaceae (taxonomy to Flora of North America)

  • Huperzia lucidula (Michx.) Trevisan   -   shining clubmoss

  • Lycopodium annotinum L.   -   stiff clubmoss

  • Lycopodium clavatum var. clavatum   -   running clubmoss

  • Lycopodium dendroidium Michx.   -   northern tree clubmoss

  • Lycopodium digitatum Dill. ex A. Braun   -   fan clubmoss

  • Lycopodium hickeyi W.H. Wagner, Beitel and Moran   -   Pennsylvania clubmoss

  • Lycopodium lagopus Laest. ex Hartm. ex Kuzen   -   one cone clubmoss

Equisetaceae (taxonomy to Flora of North America)

  • Equisetum arvense L.   -   field horsetail

  • Equisetum fluviatile L.   -   water horsetail 

  • Equisetum hyemale L. var. affine (Engelm.) A.A. Eat.   -   scouring rush

  • Equisetum pratense Ehrh.   -   meadow horsetail

  • Equisetum sciripodes Michx.   -   dwarf scouring rush

  • Equisetum sylvaticum Michx.   -   woodland horsetail

  • Equisetum variegatum Scleich ex F. Weber & D.M.H. Mohr   -   variegated scouring rush

  • Equisetum x ferrissi Clute (pro sp)   -   scouring rush

Ophioglossaceae

  • Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw.   -   rattlesnake fern

Osmundaceae

  • Osmunda cinnamomea var. cinnamomea L.   -   cinnamon fern

  • Osmunda claytonia L.   -   interrupted fern

  • Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis (Willd.) Gray   -   royal fern

Polylpodiaceae

  • Polypodium virginianum L.   -   rock polypody

Dennstaedtiacea

  • Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn   -   bracken

Adiantaceae

  • Adiantum pedatum L.   -   maidenhair fern

Aspleniaceae (taxonomy to Flora of North America)

  • Asplenium trichomanes L. ssp. quadrivalens D.E. Mey.   -   maidenhair spleenwort

Thelypteridae (taxonomy to Flora of North America)

  • Phegopteris connectilis (Michx) Watt   -   long beach fern

  • Thelypteris palustris Schott var. pubescens (Lawson) Fern.   -   eastern marsh fern

Dryopteraceae (taxonomy to Flora of North America)

  • Athyrium filix-femina ssp. angustum (Willdenow) G. Lawson   -   northern lady fern

  • Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh.   -   fragile fern

  • Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H.P Fuchs   -   spinulose wood fern

  • Dryopteris cristata (L.) Gray   -   crested wood fern

  • Dryopteris intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) Gray   -   fancy wood fern

  • Dryopteris marginalis (L.) Gray   -   marginal wood fern

  • Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman   -   oak fern

  • Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro   -   ostrich fern

  • Onoclea sensibilis L.   -   sensitive fern

  • Polystichum acrtostichoides var. acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott   -   christmas fern

Taxaceae

  • Taxus canadensis Marsh.   -   yew

Pinaceae

  • Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.   -   balsam fir

  • Larix laricina (DuRoi) K. Koch   -   tamarack

  • Picea glauca (Moench) Voss   -   white spruce

  • Picea rubens Sarg.   -   red spruce

  • Pinus resinosa Soland.    -   red pine

  • Pinus rigida P. Mill.   -   pitch pine

  • Pinus strobus L.   -   white pine

  • Pinus sylvestris L.   -   scotch pine

  • Tsuga canadensis L.   -   hemlock

Cupressaceae

  • Juniperus communis L. var. depressa   -   common juniper

  • Juniperus virginiana L. var. virginiana   -   red cedar

  • Thuja occidentalis L.   -   white cedar

Lauraceae

  • Linderea benzoin (L.) Blume var. benzoin   -   spicebush

Aristolochiaceae

  • Asarum canadense L.   -   wild ginger

Nymphaceae

  • Nuphar lutea (L.) ssp. variegata (Dur.) E.O. Beal   -   variegated water lily

  • Nymphaea odorata Ait. ssp. odorata   -   white water lily

  • Nymphaea odorata Ait. ssp. tuberosa (Paine) Wiersma & Hellquist   -   white water lily

Cabombaceae

  • Brasenia schreberi J.F. Gmel.   -   water shield

Ceratophyllaceae

  • Ceratophyllum demersum L.   -   coontail

Ranunculaceae

  • Actaea pachypoda Ell.   -   white baneberry

  • Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd. ssp. rubra   -   red baneberry

  • Anemone canadensis L.   -   canada anemone

  • Anemone quinquefolia L. var. quinquefolia -   wood anemone

  • Amenone virginiana L.   -   thimbleweed

  • Aquilegia canadensis L.   -   columbine

  • Aquilegia vulgaris L.   -   columbine

  • Caltha palustris var. palustris L.   -   marsh marigold

  • Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt.   -   black cohosh

  • Clematis virginiana L.   -   virgin's bower

  • Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.   -   goldthread

  • Hepatica noblis Schreb. var. acuta (Pursh) Steyermark   -   sharp leaved hepatica

  • Hepatica noblis Schreb. var obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark   -   round leaved hepatica

  • Ranunculus abortivus L.   -   small flowered buttercup

  • Ranunculus acris L. var. acris   -   tall buttercup

  • Ranunculus flabellaris Raf.   -   yellow water crowfoot

  • Ranunculus pensylvanicus L.f.   -   bristly buttercup

  • Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. ssp. recurvatus   -   hooked buttercup

  • Thalictrum dioicum L.   -   early meadow rue

  • Thalictrum pubescens Pursh   -   tall meadow rue, king of the meadow

Berberiaceae

  • Berberis vulgaris L.   -    european barberry

  • Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx.   -   blue cohosh

Memispermaceae

  • Memispermum canadense L.   -   canada moonseed

Papaveraceae

  • Argemone mexicana L.   -   prickly poppy

  • Chelidonium majus L. var. majus   -   celandine

  • Sanguinaria canadensis L.   -   bloodroot

Fumariaceae

  • Corydalis sempervirens (L.) Pers.   -   tall corydalis

  • Dicentra cucularia (L.) Bernh.   -   dutchman's breeches

Hamamelidaceae

  • Hamamelis virginiana L.   -   witch hazel

Platanaceae

  • Platanus occidentalis L.   -   sycamore

Ulmaceae

  • Ulmus americana L.   -   american elm

  • Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.   -   chinese elm

  • Ulmus rubra Muhl.   -   slippery elm

Urticaceae

  • Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw.   -   false nettle

  • Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell   -   wood nettle

  • Pilea pumila (L.) Gray var. deamii (Lunell)   -   deam's clearweed

  • Urtica dioica L. ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.   -   slender nettle

Juglandaceae

  • Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch   -   butternut hickory

  • Carya glabra (P. Mill.) Sweet   -   pignut hickory

  • Carya ovalis (Wangenh.) Sarg.   -   sweet pignut hickory

  • Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch   -   shagbark hickory

  • Juglans cinerea L.   -   butternut

  • Juglans nigra L.   -   black walnut

Myricaceae

  • Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult.   -   sweetfern

  • Myrica gale L.   -   sweetgale

Fagaceae

  • Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.   -   beech

  • Quercus alba L.   -   white oak

  • Quercus bicolor Willd.   -   swamp white oak

  • Quercus muehlenbergii Raf.   -   chinkapin oak

  • Quercus rubra L.   -   red oak

  • Quercus x scheutii Trel. (bicolor x macrocarpa)   -   swamp white oak x bur oak hybrid

Betulaceae

  • Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (DuRoi) Clausen   -   speckled alder

  • Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd.   -   smooth alder

  • Betula alleghaniensis Britt.   -   yellow birch

  • Betula lenta L.   -   sweet birch

  • Betula papyrifera var. papyrifera L.   -   paper birch

  • Betula populifolia Marsh.   -   gray birch

  • Carpinus caroliniana ssp. virginiana (Marsh.) Furlow   -   american hornbeam, musclewood

  • Corylus americana Walt.   -   hazelnut

  • Corylus cornuta Marsh. var. cornuta   -   beaked hazelnut

  • Ostrya virginiana (P. Mill.) K. Koch var. virginiana   -   hop hornbeam

Chenopodiaceae

  • Chenopodium berlandieri Moq.   -   pitted gooseseed

Caryophyllaceae

  • Cerastium fontanum Baumg. ssp. vulgare (Hartman) Greuter & Burdet   -   mouse ear chickweed

  • Dianthus armeria L.   -   deptford pink

  • Dianthus deltoides L.   -   maiden pink

  • Dianthus plumarius L.   -   feathered pink

  • Moehringia lateriflora (L.) Fenzi   -   blunt sandwort

  • Saponaria officinalis L.   -   bouncing bet

  • Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke   -   bladder campion

  • Stellaria gramineus L.   -   lesser starwort

Polygonaceae

  • Polygonum amphibium L. var. emersum Michx.   -   smartweed

  • Polygonum amphibium L. var. stipulaceum Coleman   -   water smartweed

  • Polygonum cilinode Michx.   -   fringed smartweed

  • Polygonum convolvulvus L. var. convolvulvus Sieb. & Zucc.   -   japanese knortweed

  • Polygonum hydropiper L.   -   marshpepper smartweed

  • Polygonum pensylvanicum L.   -   pennsylvania smartweed

  • Polygonum sagittatum L.   -  arrow-leaved tearthumb

  • Polygonum virginianum L.   -   virginia knotweed

  • Rumex acetosella L.   -   sheep sorrel

  • Rumex crispus L. ssp. crispus   -   curly dock

  • Rumex orbiculatus Gray   -   greater water dock

  • Rumex verticillatus L.   -   swamp dock

Clusiaceae

  • Hypericum ellipticum Hook.   -   pale st john's wort

  • Hypericum mutilum L.   -   dwarf st john's wort

  • Hypericum perforatum L.   -   common st john's wort

  • Triadenum virginicum (L.) Raf.   -   marsh st john's wort

Tiliaceae

  • Tilia american L.   -   basswood

Malvaceae

  • Abutilon theophrasti Medik.   -   velvet leaf

  • Malva moschata L.   -   musk mallow

  • Malva neglecta Wallr.   -   cheese

Violaceae

  • Viola blanda Willd.   -   sweet white violet

  • Viola conspersa Reichenb.   -   dog violet

  • Viola odorata L.   -   sweet violet

  • Viola pubescens Ait.   -   yellow forest violet

  • Viola rostrata Pursh   -   longspur violet

  • Viola rotundifolia Michx.   -   roundleaf yellow violet

  • Viola sororia Willd.   -   common blue violet

Cucurbitaceae

  • Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. & Gray   -   wild cucumber

Salicaceae

  • Populus balsamifera L. ssp. balsamifera   -   balsam poplar

  • Populus deltoides ssp. deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh   -   cottonwood

  • Populus grandidentata Michx.   -   big toothed aspen

  • Populus tremuloides Michx.   -   quaking aspen

  • Populus x canescens (Aiton) Sm. (pro sp.) [alba x tremula]   -   gray poplar

  • Salix bebbiana Sarg.   -   bebb willow

  • Salix candida Flugge ex Willd.   -   hoary willow

  • Salix discolor Muhl.   -   pussy willow

  • Salix eriocephala   Michx.   -   missouri river willow

  • Salix fragilis L.   -   crack willow

  • Salix lucida Muhl. ssp. lucida   -   shining willow

  • Salix nigra Marsh   -   black willow

  • Salix petiolaris Sm.   -   slender willow

  • Salix sericea Marsh   -   silky willow

Brassicaceae

  • Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande   -   garlic mustard

  • Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh.   -   tower mustard

  • Barbarea vulgaris Ait. f.   -   winter cress

  • Berterosa incana (L.) DC.   -   hoary alyssum

  • Capsella bursa-pastoralis (L.) Medik.   -   shepherd's purse

  • Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Wood   -   toothed pepperwort

  • Erysimum cheiranthoides L.   -   wormseed

  • Hesperis matronalis L.   -   dame's rocket

  • Rorippa palustris (L.) Bess ssp. fernaldiana (Butters & Abbe) Jonsel   -   fernald's water cress

Ericaceae

  • Andromeda poliphylla L.   -   bog rosemary

  • Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.   -   bearberry

  • Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench var. angustifolia (Ait.) Rehd.   -   leatherleaf

  • Gaultheria procumbens L.   -   wintergreen

  • Gaylussacia baccata (Wangenh.) K. Koch   -   black huckleberry

  • Kalmia angustifolia L.   -   sheep laurel

  • Ledum groenlandicum Oeder   -   labrador tea

  • Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.   -   late lowbush blueberry

  • Vaccinium corymbosum L.   -   highbush blueberry

  • Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.   -   velvetleaf blueberry

  • Vaccinium oxycoccus L.   -   small cranberry

  • Vaccinium pallidum Ait.   -   hillside (early lowbush) blueberry

Pyrolaceae

  • Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart. ssp cisatlantica (Blake) Hulten   -   pipsissewa

  • Moneses uniflora (L.) Gray   -   one flowered wintergreen

  • Pyrola americana Sweet   -   round leafed pyrola

  • Pyrola chlorantha Sw.   -   green flowered pyrola

  • Pyrola elliptica Nutt.   -   shinleaf

Monotropaceae

  • Monotropa hypopithys L.  -   pinesap

  • Monotropa uniflora L.   -   indian pines

Primulaceae

  • Lysimachia ciliata L.   -   fringed loosestrife

  • Lysimachia nummularia L.   -   moneywort

  • Lysimachia quadrifolia L.   -   whorled loosestrife

  • Lysimachia terrestris (L.) B.S.P.   -   swamp candles

  • Lysimachia thrysiflora L.   -   swamp loosestrife

  • Trientalis borealis Raf. ssp. borealis   -   starflower

Grossulariaceae

  • Ribes americanum P. Mill.   -   american black currant

Crassulaceae

  • Hylotelephium telephium (L.) Ohba. ssp. telephium   -   live-forever, witch's moneybags

Saxifragaceae

  • Chrysosplenium americanum Schwein. ex Hook.   -   american golden saxifrage

  • Mitella diphylla L.   -   twoleaf miterwort

  • Saxifraga virginiensis Michx. var. virginiensis   -   early saxifrage

  • Tiarella cordifolia L. var. cordifolia   -   foamflower

Rosaceae

  • Agrimonia grypossepala Wallr.   -   common agrimony

  • Amelanchier arborea (Michx. f.) Fern. var. arborea   -   downy juneberry

  • Amelanchier laevis Wieg.   -   smooth juneberry

  • Amelanchier stolonifera Wieg.   -   dwarf juneberry

  • Crataegus sp. L.   -   hawthorne

  • Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe   -   roundleaf hawthorne

  • Dalbarda repens L.   -   dewdrop

  • Fillipendula rubra (Hill) B. L. Robins.   -   queen of the meadow

  • Fragaria vesca L.   -   woodland strawberry

  • Fragaria virginiana Duchesne   -   thick leaved wild strawberry

  • Geum aleppium Jacq.   -   yellow avens

  • Geum canadense Jacq.   -   white avens

  • Geum rivale L.   -   purple avens

  • Malus sylvestris P. Mill.   -   wild apple

  • Photina melanocarpa (Michx.) Robertson & Phipps   -   black chokeberry

  • Potentilla argenta L. var. argenta   -   silvery cinquefoil

  • Potentilla norveica L. ssp. monspeliensis (L.) Aschers. & Graebn.   -   rough cinquefoil

  • Potentilla recta L.   -   sulfur flowered cinquefoil

  • Potentilla simplex Michx.   -   old field cinquefoil

  • Prunus nigra Ait.   -  canada plum

  • Prunus pensylvanica L. f.   -   pin cherry

  • Prunus serotina Ehrh. var. serotina   -   black cherry

  • Prunus virginiana L. var. virginiana   -   chokecherry

  • Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex Murr.   -   multiflora rose

  • Rosa palustris Marsh.   -   swamp rose

  • Rubus alleghiensis Porter var. alleghiensis   -   common blackberry

  • Rubus hispidus L.   -   bristly dewberry

  • Rubus idaeus L.   -   red raspberry

  • Rubus occidentalis L.   -   purple flowered raspberry

  • Rubus pensilvanicus Poir.   -   pennsylvania blackberry

  • Sorbus decora (Sarg.) Schneid.   -   northern mountain ash

  • Spirea alba DuRoi var. alba   -   meadowsweet

  • Spirea alba DuRoi var. latifolia (Ait.) Dippel   -   white meadowsweet

  • Spirea tomentosa L. var. tomentosa   -   steeplebush

  • Waldsteinia fragaroides (Michx.) Tratt. ssp. fragaroides   -   barren strawberry

Fabaceae

  • Amphicaraea bracteata (L.) Fern.   -   hog peanut

  • Apios americana Medik.   -   groundnut

  • Coronilla varia L.   -   crown vetch

  • Desmodium canadense (L.) DC.   -   showy tick trefoil

  • Desmodium glutinosum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Wood   -   pointed leafed tick trefoil

  • Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. var. paniculatum   -   panicle leaf tick trefoil

  • Lotus corniculatus L.   birdfoot trefoil

  • Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. ssp. polyphyllus var. polyphylllus   -   bigleaf lupine

  • Melilotus alba Medikus   -   white sweet clover

  • Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.   -   yellow sweet clover

  • Robinia pseudoacacia L.   -   black locust

  • Trifolium arvense L.   -   rabbit's foot clover

  • Trifolium aureum Polloch.   -   hop clover

  • Trifolium campestre Schreb.   -   small hop clover

  • Trifolium dubium   Sibthorp.   -   low hop clover

  • Trifolium hybridum L.   -   alsike clover

  • Trifolium pratense L.   -   red clover

  • Trifolium repens L.   -   white clover

  • Vicia cracca L.   -   bird vetch

Elaeagnaceae

  • Elaeagnus angustifolia L.   -   russian olive

  • Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. var. parvifolia   -   autumn olive

Lythraceae

  • Lythrum salicaria L.   -   purple loosestrife

Thymelaeaceae

  • Daphne mezereum L.   -   paradise plant

  • Dirca palustris L.   -   leatherwood

Onagraceae

  • Circaea alpina L.   -   alpine enchanter's nightshade

  • Circaea lutetiana L. ssp. canadensis Aschers. & Magnus   -   enchanter's nightshade

  • Ludwigia palustris (L.) Lindl.   -   water purslane

  • Epilobium coloratum Behler   -   eastern willow herb

  • Oenothera biennis L.   -   common evening primrose

  • Oenothera perennis L.   -   little sundrops

Cornaceae

  • Cornus alternifolia L. f.   -   alternate leaved dogwood

  • Cornus amomum P. Mill.   -   silky dogwood

  • Cornus canadensis L.   -   bunchberry

  • Cornus obliqua Raf.   -   gray dogwood

  • Cornus racemosa Lam.   -   red panciled dogwood

  • Cornus rugosa Lam.   -   roundleaf dogwood

  • Cornus sericea ssp. sericea L.   -   red osier dogwood

Celastraceae

  • Celastrus scandens L.   -   american bittersweet

Aquifoliaceae

  • Ilex laevigata (Pursh) Gray   -   smooth winterberry holly

  • Ilex verticillata (L.) Gray   -   winterberry holly

  • Nemopanthus mucronatus (L.) Loes.   -   mountain holly

Rhamnaceae

  • Ceanothus americanus L.   -   new jersey tea

  • Frangula alnus P. Mill.   -   european buckthorn

  • Rhamnus catharctica L.   -   common buckthorn

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